A TCXO is best viewed as a derivative of a standard Crystal Oscillator for use in applications where an improvement in the devices Temperature Stability is required.
Ceramic resonators implement the mechanical resonance of piezoelectric ceramics (commonly Lead Zirconate Titanate) (PZT), that result in different vibration behaviors (modes) depending on the resonance frequency.
A VCXO is Crystal Oscillator, only the output frequency can be adjusted by varying the external control voltage across a varactor diode within the oscillator circuit.
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